An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: An expert of Europe issues, referring to the recent remarks of Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov who castigated EU for destroying all infrastructure of relations with Russia, said Lavrov views on the severance of cooperation between Moscow and the European Union were made after an intensification of criticisms and tensions between the EU and Russia.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The relations between Moscow and the European Union has reached its lowest since the Cold War after developments in 2014 which resulted in the accession of Crimea to the Russian soil, Russian intervention in the civil war of Syria, alleged interference of Russia in the 2016 US presidential elections which resulted in the victory of Donald Trump and ultimately allegations to poison Alexi Navalny the harsh Kremlin critic and his detention of imposition of sanctions.
Mahmood Fazeli-expert of international issues
Strategic Council Online – The outcome of the amendments to Articles 67 and 79 of the Russian Constitution reflects President Vladimir Putin’s pragmatic and, of course, multifaceted Russian foreign policy approach. Russia is moving in line with improving ties with the West by sticking to its red lines in order to strengthening its upstream status in the regional crises and global order.
Ahmad Vakhshiteh – Associate Professor, Eurasian National University
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.