SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Interview: Three months have passed since the operation by US special forces in Caracas – an operation in which Nicolás Maduro, the President of Venezuela, was abducted and transferred to New York. To examine the legal, political, and economic dimensions of this unprecedented event and its consequences, we have interviewed Soroosh Salami, an expert on Latin American affairs.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A Latin American affairs expert believes that, although the United States of America is trying to impose “new colonialism” on the Latin American region, a new form of resistance, protest, and nationwide uprisings will likely emerge.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: The former ambassador to Caracas stated: “Washington aims to curb the influence of China and Russia, reestablish dominance over Venezuela’s oil and gas resources, and demonstrate power in global competition, seeking to restore its lost hegemony in Latin America and the international system.”
Strategic Council Online- Interview: A Latin American affairs analyst stated that with the return of the “maximum pressure” policy in Trump’s second administration, Washington’s anti-Iran model is being replicated this time in Latin America against Venezuela, a country that has now become a symbol of resistance against the U.S.-centric order.
Online Strategic Council – Dialogue: A Latin American affairs expert stated that the United States has recently announced it is engaged in an “armed war” with drug cartels in Latin America, and its forces have targeted several boats belonging to Venezuela and Colombia. The President of Colombia has condemned this action and even said that Donald Trump should be prosecuted. In light of these actions, Trump is moving further away each week from his commitment that “no new wars” would be started during his second term.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: A senior Latin American affairs analyst stated that the Trump administration’s view of South America is fundamentally defined by ideological pessimism and hostility towards socialist systems. Just as the United States pursued a policy of regime change in Cuba, Nicaragua, and Chile over the past decades, it is following the same approach in Venezuela.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The visit of the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran to three Latin American countries is considered one of the “very important” foreign policy events.
Hamid Khoshayand – Expert on international affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The future of the so-called Trump peace plan for Gaza, despite claims of an agreement on Hamas’s disarmament, remains shrouded in ambiguity due to structural deficiencies and opposition from key actors.
SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.
SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?
SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”