جدیدترین مطالب

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

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Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

LATEST CONTENT

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Loading

Yemen crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

UN Impartiality, Goodwill; Key Condition for Trust-Building, Resolving Yemen Crisis

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations said the solution to the Yemen crisis is to end the siege, establish a ceasefire and hold Yemeni-Yemeni talks, adding: The United Nations must, in this way, show its goodwill by avoiding double standards and gain the trust of the Yemeni National Salvation Government.

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Field developments in Yemen & Dubious Perspective of Peace Talks

Strategic Council Online- According to the Director Yemen desk, at Mersaad think-tank, with the departure of Omani delegation to Sanaa, there was a promising perspective that war would stop, everybody was waiting for a serious incident in this respect. But with statements of political authorities of Haadi government, and also Sanaa government, it was clear that the talks would lead to nowhere.

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Ensuring Rights of All Yemenis, Prerequisites to Stop War

Strategic Council Online – Interview: A faculty member of the Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, stating that before Saudi Arabia and the government of Mansour Hadi did not consider any rights for the Houthis, said: Now Saudi Arabia’s position has completely changed and it seems that Saudi Arabia has to pay the price to stop the war, which is to pay attention to the rights of the Yemenis.

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Aftershocks of US Elections on Relations with Saudi Arabia

Strategic Council Online – An analyst of Saudi affairs said that Saudi Arabia and the United States are currently evaluating each other, adding: If Bin Salman cooperates with the United States in resolving the Yemen crisis, as such that Biden represents himself as the “savior of several nations,” Biden will also reduce his pressure in the field of Saudi domestic issues.

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Turkey’s Outlook about South Persian Gulf States

Strategic Council Online – Despite the continuation of some economic cooperation between Turkey and Saudi Arabia and the UAE, in the political and security spheres, serious challenges will be faced in the future in these countries.
Davoud Ahmadzadeh – Middle East Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

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