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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

European security architecture

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Analysis of China’s Peace Proposal Regarding the Ukraine War

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war put China in a complicated situation. This means it was difficult for Beijing to adopt a position that would not alienate Russia and, at the same time, lead to the management of relations with the West. Accordingly, over the past year, Beijing has not criticized Russia seriously. Still, at the same time, it has refused to provide support to Russia that would be a game-changer, including the transfer of weapons. In return, it has criticized the West, including on the issue of NATO expansion.
Mohammad Javad Ghahremani – Researcher of China affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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