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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Iran’s regional influence

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

EU, Iran and US Sanctions

Strategic Council Online: President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations of Iran Dr. Kamal Kharrazi, who is visiting Austria,  addressed the 22nd European Forum themed “The European Union, as a Leading Actor for Security and Defense,” in Vienna and spoke on EU-Iran cooperation in the face of the new US sanctions against Iran.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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