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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli

North Africa: Internal Challenges and Foreign Actors

Strategic Council Online: What is happening today in major North African countries, including Sudan, Libya, and Algeria, is affected by a combination of internal factors and mechanisms as well as foreign interventions before being a proof of the “Arab Spring, the Second Wave.”
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

Sudan: People’s Revolution or Palace Revolution?

Strategic Council Online: What took place in Sudan after Omar al-Bashir stepped down from power has attracted the attention of the world these days. The reality is that the country is prone to civil war between the various parties, which could be a threat to regional security.
Kourosh Fakhr Tavoli – African Affairs Expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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