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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

Loading

Mostafa Hashemi

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

US prevention from Europe’s role playing in Afghanistan peace process

Khalil Zad didn’t allow Europe to play the main role in the negotiations and faded Europe role in political process. Well, The European’s concerns about Afghanistan are not included in the US-Taliban agreement. European countries and the E.U use Iran and Afghanistan’s issues to answer the U.S unilateral actions.
Mostafa Hashemi – Afghanistan expert

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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