An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Washington trilateral agreement, by linking the end of occupation to political and security conditions, does not establish a sustainable peace; rather, it consolidates the occupation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An international affairs expert stated that in recent years, the U.S. approach has shifted from a value-centered approach to security deal-making. This change means that, instead of emphasizing values such as democracy and human rights, the United States has adjusted its foreign policy to prioritize security interests, political bargaining, and expediency.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: As Donald Trump’s second administration recently passed its 100-day mark, some changes in the composition of his team signal a potential reassessment of the structure and direction of U.S. foreign policy.
Strategic Council Online – Opinion: It would be simplistic if the verbal tensions between Biden and Netanyahu were interpreted as tensions in the relations between the US and the Zionist regime. Such an interpretation of Biden’s statements is incorrect and contrary to the facts governing their “strategic relations.”
Barsam Mohammadi – Expert on regional affairs
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.