جدیدترین مطالب

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

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Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

أحدث الوظائف

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

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Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

LATEST CONTENT

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Loading

Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Loading

Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

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Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

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Strategic Perspective

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Boris Johnson’s Problem on Scotland

Strategic Council Online- Apart from his problems such as his personal expenses, confronting Corona virus or even Brexit, Boris Johnson is now facing a new problem, i.e. making effort to prevent British dismemberment.
Alireza Samoodi, Expert of European Affairs

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Zionist Regime, Base to Global Terrorism

Strategic Council Online- A glance at the biography of the ring-leaders of most terrorist-excommunicated groups and also a short review on the biography of the most elements of armed acts which led to the terror of many scientists, thinkers and artists in the world of Islam show that these criminals have spent a part of the their lives clandestinely in the occupied Palestine, and have been trained, from A to Z, by Zionists to commit the most violent and homicide operations. It means within70+ years after the establishment of the fabricated Zionist regime, the occupied Palestine “has never been as a country, but as a garrison of terrorist” and a place to train and encourage the most brutal terrorists. This is the very important and bitter reality that His Eminence the Leader referred to in his message on the occasion of Quds Day this year and further added that struggling against the Regime which, from the day one of its occupation of Palestine, transformed the Holy Land to a training home to terrorism, is a struggle against cruelty and thus it is incumbent on all.
Jafar Ghannad- Bashi, Middle-east expert

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Impacts of Zionist Regime’s Gaza Attacks on Its Domestic Policy

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Zionist regime’s affairs said that the Zionist regime’s invasion of Gaza will cause the possibility of strengthening the rightism in this regime and added: Continuation of those conflicts will show economic and psychological consequences in the Israeli society and will force the regime to inevitably accept certain conditions of the other party and the ceasefire.

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Russia’s Effort to Play a Greater Role in Palestinian Cause

Strategic Council Online – During the recent visit of the Palestinian Foreign Minister to Moscow and meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, the quartet meeting of the Middle East ministers, increase of Russian assistance to Palestine in the fight against Coronavirus and the meeting of the Joint Russian-Palestinian Economic Cooperation Commission were discussed. Russia, which supports the establishment of an independent Palestinian state in the Occupied Territories, is in talks with other quadripartite members, including the United States, the United Nations and the European Union, to discuss the possibility of holding such meetings at the foreign ministerial level. According to Russia, the Palestinians have always wanted the “quartet group” play a mediating role.
Mahmoud Fazeli – Analyst of international affairs

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Resistance and Abolition of Apartheid Regime; the Strategy to Stop Crimes of Zionist Regime

Strategic Council Online – The President of the Strategic Council on Foreign Relations, in an interview with our correspondent, described the Zionist regime’s attacks on the Gaza Strip, the West Bank, Arab neighborhoods inside Israel, and Holy Quds, which resulted in the martyrdom of hundreds of people, including children and civilians as clear evidence of war crime and crime against humanity and stressed that the UN Security Council has once again shown its incompetence due to the sabotage of the United States and the pro-Zionist powers.

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic goals of Turkey in its military invasion in the north of Iraq

Strategic Council Online—Interview: A university professor says if tensions are de-escalated in Iraq and the central government is able to control the situation including in all military and economic centers, the Turkish government and other trans-regional governments could not be able to exert influence in that country.

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Factors Strengthening Position of Resistance among Regional Nations

Strategic Council Online – The recent speeches delivered by Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary-General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, and Sayyed Abdul Malik Badruddin al-Houthi, the leader of Yemen’s Ansarollah, once again drew attention to the importance of the issue of resistance.
Hassan Hanizadeh – expert on the Middle East affairs

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Muslim Brotherhood and Turkey’s Strategic View in Negotiations with Egypt

Strategic Council Online – A university professor, stressing that Turkey would never move towards eliminating the Muslim Brotherhood and will maintain relationships with them and in some cases use their card to score points, said: Turkey’s view of foreign policy issues is not ideological, but based on interests.

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

25-Year Cooperation Agreement between China and National interests of Iran

Strategic Council Online- Signing of the 25-year agreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and China within the past few months, has fanned a lot of debates. Efforts have been made to assess it from different points of view in this short article and to elaborate its consequences for Iran’s national interest.
Arash Raeissinia, Professor of International Relations, Tehran University

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Reasons for Change in Saudi Attitude towards Syria

Strategic Council Online – An expert on the Middle East affairs commenting on news published by the British Guardian newspaper that the process of normalization of relations between Syria and Saudi Arabia after Eid al-Fitr is possible, said: The rift in the triangle of Netanyahu, Trump and Bin Salman has prompted Saudi leaders to seek to change their regional approaches, especially in troubled areas such as Syria and Yemen.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

Implications of the US-Saudi Nuclear Agreement

SCFR Online – Opinion: The new US-Saudi nuclear agreement, despite legal and political ambiguities, could alter previous non-proliferation standards in West Asia and intensify nuclear competition, ushering it into a new phase.

An Analysis of Recent Turkey-Israeli Regime Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: Recent developments in Syria indicate an intensification of strategic rivalry between Turkey and the Israeli regime, but mutual considerations and the role of the United States have limited the likelihood of direct war.

Increasing criticism of the extensive Zionist lobby network

SCFR Online – Opinion: An examination of the mechanisms of the Israeli regime’s influence in the United States depicts a complex picture of shared interests, strategic dependencies, and the limitations of this relationship.

Realities of the Tripartite Makkah Pact

SCFR Online – Interview: The signing of the Makkah agreement between Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Turkey has raised questions about the future of the region’s security structure and the position of these countries in West Asian equations. Can this agreement become a genuine collective defense mechanism, or does it have more of a political and deterrent function than creating new military capacity?

Strategic Implications of the Reduction of US Weapons Stockpiles

SCFR Online – Opinion: The continuation of the US war against Iran, in addition to increasing operational costs, has called into question the actual capacity of the American arsenal to simultaneously fulfill security commitments on multiple fronts; an issue that affects deterrence, defense production capacity, and Washington’s resource prioritization.

The Formation of a New Order in Relations Between Powers

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Russia-Ukraine war and the war of the United States and the Israeli regime against Iran have been formed with different objectives and actors, but field and political developments indicate that they are not entirely separate from one another.

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

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