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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

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The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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Abdul Aziz Bouteflika

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Outcome of the poor participation of people in Algeria Constitution referendum

Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The referendum on a new constitution for Algeria was held on the first of October 2020 with the participation of political parties such as Talae al-Horriat (the third party of presidential elections of 2019) and Jibhat ul-Mustaqbal (the fifth party) and the opposition of Islamist parties such as Movement of Society for Peace (known as HAMAS), the Algerian Labors Party and the Algerian Justice and Development Front. In the referendum on Algeria’s new constitution, only 23.84 per cent of the people voted for further change and amendments in the governing rules and administration. The draft text of the new constitution was approved with the yes vote of 66 per cent of the participants while 33 per cent opposed it. This is while 76 per cent of the eligible voters did not participate in the referendum, encouraging the leaders of some of Algeria’s political parties to nullify the plebiscite.
Mahmoud Fazeli—expert of international issues

Algerian Protests Outlook

Algerian Protests Outlook

Strategic Council Online: An analyst on African and West Asian affairs, referring to Algeria’s presidential election and the subsequent unrests, said the opposition’s capacity was not big enough to accomplish their goals behind the protest rallies; so it seems that the government would eventually succeed in forcing the opposition to stop their demonstrations first by giving them promises and then by threatening them.

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Makkah Pact Under scrutiny; From the “Deterrence Dilemma” to the “Risk of Disrupting Security”

SCFR Online – Opinion: The Makkah Pact, signed on August 7, 2026, between Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan, is more than an answer to geopolitical vacuums; in practice, it faces a “deterrence dilemma” and “differing threat perception.” While this pact symbolizes a transition toward regional self-reliance, its first field tests and the complexities of relations with regional actors will determine its real meaning.

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