An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online- Opinion: Abiding by democratic and legal methods and keeping the country away from security tensions are only ways to materialize the goals and securing people’s interests of Iraq.
Najmeh Pour Esmaeili, Researcher, Tehran Abrar Mo’aasser Institute
Strategic Council Online- Interview
Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq said China is interested in developing her projects in Iraq and when Western companies exit from the country, China will replace them. He added that China has shown her interest to expand her economic presence in Iraq and has entered the country consciously. In this context, Iraq will also be able to secure and maintain her sustainable security. Moreover, new opportunity and horizon in this field are created for a joint cooperation among Iran, China and Iraq.
Strategic Council Online: The new Iraqi government is facing several challenges, while the economic situation in Iraq is not favorable due to the decrease in oil prices and the economic situation Iraq has been facing in the past.
Siamak Kakai – Expert on Iraqi Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Baghdad believes Iran-Iraq relations are strong enough so that the attack on the Iranian consulate in Najaf under the provocation of third parties, or the resignation of Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi cannot disrupt the foundation of those ties.
Strategic Council Online: US discontent with Adel Abdul Mahdi’s foreign policy shift toward China and Russia and the issue of the Resistance are among the factors fueling the recent protests in Iraq.
Hadi Alami Fariman – Foreign Policy Expert
Strategic Council Online: The US and certain countries in the region are currently trying to mount a wave of popular protests in Iraq in an open sign of intervention in the internal affairs of the country.
Hassan Danaeifar – Former Iranian Ambassador to Iraq
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.