An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online—Opinion: The general direction of the global natural gas market does not make Syria an attractive option for gas transit.
Strategic Council Online–Opinion: The positions of the Arab countries on the developments in Syria can be divided into three groups.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that Saudi Arabia is trying to join the joint project for building fighter jets with Britain, Italy, and Japan to reduce its dependence on the United States and create a domestic arms industry, adding: Through such measures, part of which is propaganda, Riyadh is trying to show that it has high power and at the same time give warning signs to the United States and show those who want to carry out projects with that country that it has the necessary cards to play in choosing different options.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs called Riyadh’s efforts to get closer and cooperate with BRICS as a continuation of the strategy of distancing itself from the US and the West and said: Riyadh does not like to give substantial free money to countries like Pakistan, Jordan, and Sudan, Egypt and other countries like in the past. The era of blank checks signed by Saudi Arabia is over for them, and in case there is going to help, it wants it to come back with a return on investment.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on Saudi affairs stated that concerning the considerations the oil-producing countries had about the drop in oil prices, the decision to reduce supply by OPEC+ was probable. He added: Bin Salman, with bitter experiences in the past, emphasizes that the US should give special privileges to Saudi Arabia in exchange for lowering the price of oil, removing the pressure and considering the interests of that country.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An analyst of West Asia affairs, saying that Saudi Arabia, while trying to reduce tensions with countries in the region, is reconsidering its foreign policy, noted: Under the current situation, internal issues and proclamation of the monarchy have gained more importance for Mohammad bin Salman, and we are witnessing more defensive policy on the part of Saudi Arabia..
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.