جدیدترین مطالب

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

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Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

أحدث الوظائف

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

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Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

LATEST CONTENT

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading

Strategic Perspective

US Goals behind Warsaw Conference

Strategic Council Online: Reinforcement and boosting the morale of US troops and Washington’s humiliated regional allies in the aftermath of repeated defeats of their coalition in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Palestine are among other goals of the United States in holding the Warsaw confab.

America’s Obvious & Concealed Goals in Venezuelan Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The current US policy in response to internal developments in Venezuela depends on three factors: The Socialist nature of the Venezuelan system, the question of oil, and US homeland security.
Hadi Aalami Fariman – Latin American Affairs expert

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Cyber Regionalism, a Response to Intra-Civilizational Dialogue

Strategic Council Online: A professor of international relations believes that the elites of the Muslim World can use the opportunity provided by the cyberspace to forge a common understanding of the differences and commonalities in the Islamic World.

Dimensions and Backgrounds of Early Elections in Israel

Strategic Council Online: An expert on West Asia affairs says Benjamin Netanyahu is trying to forge a military-political achievement in the domestic, regional and international arena during the time left till holding early Knesset elections in about a couple of months.

Macron’s Failed Attempt to End the French Crisis

Strategic Council Online: The actions the French President wants to take to end the French protests are more tactical and aimed at managing the crisis rather than resolving it.
Morteza Makki – Expert on European Affairs

Warsaw Conference: A Test for Arab Rulers before Islamic World Public Opinion

Strategic Council Online: Next month, an international conference is set to be held in Warsaw on the Middle East with a focus on Iran. The main goal of the conference in Poland, the simultaneous presence of the Arab states of the Middle East and the Zionist regime, and the final outcome of the confab are among the issues that experts and the media are talking about these days.
Seyed Mohammad Marandi – Professor of Tehran University

Disintegration of Yemen; the Wish of the Aggressors

Strategic Council Online: One of the most dramatic scenarios for the regional Coalition and the Western countries is an attempt to disintegrate and split Yemen and that too with the aim of undermining Yemen so that a powerful and democratic government would not come into power alongside the borders of Saudi kingdom.
Jafar Ghanadbashi, expert on West Asian affairs

Future of Trump-Europe Relations

Strategic Council Online: Donald Trump’s coming to power in the United States has faced relations between the two sides of the Atlantic Ocean with some new dilemmas and problems. Now, this idea has been conceived that the White House occupant’s policies are aimed at undermining the European Union. Of course, the European countries did not hold a favourable opinion about Trump.
Dr. Behzad Ahmadi, Expert on European Affairs

Scenarios Facing Syrian Kurds

Strategic Council Online: One of the contingencies and scenarios discussed for the future dialogue between the Kurds and the Syrian government, is for a part of the American troops to stay in the northern regions of Syria, in which case the Kurdish tribes will face a new dilemma: To continue cooperation with the United States or forge new cooperation with the Syrian government. The existence of this dilemma can further create disparities within the Kurdish groups and prevent them from pursuing the right path.
Jafar Ghanadbashi – Middle East expert

Future of Washington-Pyongyang Relations?

Strategic Council Online: US-North Korea relations are currently stalled, that is neither a specific movement is being taken on the part of Washington, nor does Pyongyang want to meet the demands of the other side the way they wish.
Ismail Bashari – Expert on Korean Peninsula affairs

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

The Outlook for Iran-US Tensions

SCFR Online – Opinion: After months of war and economic pressure, the situation between Iran and the United States has been placed between two conflicting logics; Washington insists on intensifying pressure to gain concessions, and Tehran does not accept negotiations under pressure.

Loading