An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs stated that due to the ongoing conflict between Hamas and Palestine, the normalization of relations with the Zionist regime will be suspended and seriously challenged, adding: In this situation, with an increase of conflicts and human casualties, considering the sensitivity of public opinion, in the short term, less governments in the region will dare to raise the issue of normalization.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert on international affairs considered the Jeddah summit on the Ukraine crisis a step in the direction of efforts of Riyadh to display its independent international approach as much as possible and emphasized: By holding such meetings, Saudi Arabia tries to prepare the ground for the interaction of different groups, regardless of whether the talks lead to a result or not, to succeed in maintaining the interaction and communication channel with the relevant players, and strengthen the possibility of playing a so-called mediating and independent role.
Strategic Council Online-Interview: The head of international affairs of the Sharif University’s Science and Technology Park stated that the US, while being concerned about the presence of China in the technological fields of the region, is trying to enter this market and meet the demands of the countries of the region, especially its former allies and partners, including Iraqi Kurdistan to reduce the influence and monopoly of Chinese technological companies. He suggested that “Iran should take the lead in meeting the technological needs of the Kurdistan region by respecting the considerations of Iraqi national sovereignty and strategic interactions in this area.”
Strategic Council Online—Interview: An expert of the Presidential Studies Center stated that the American strategy regarding the issue of “One China” has changed, adding that “the United States has countered the policy of “One China” by calling the Taiwan Strait waterway international.
Strategic Council Online – Interview: An expert of Technology Studies Institute affiliated to the Presidency stated that after of imposition of extensive sanctions against Russia, the gap already existed between the East and the West will be further widened and international cooperation will be weakened. He said:” although the Russian economy will be weakened, but after the imposition of such a broad range of sanctions, the West will practically drive Russia closer to China. From this point of view and at strategic level, the recent developments have also been proceeded to the detriment of the U.S. and the West”.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.