جدیدترین مطالب

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

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Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

أحدث الوظائف

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

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Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

LATEST CONTENT

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

Loading

Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

Loading

Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

Loading

Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

Loading

Maryam Verij Kazemi

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Geopolitical Competition of Major Powers in the Realm of Submarine Cables

Strategic Council Online – Opinion: Today, submarine cables have become the backbone of the global economy and security. While China seeks to expand its influence through investments in submarine cable networks and the Digital Silk Road initiative, the United States strives to maintain control over the global digital order through deterrent strategies and multinational alliances. The geopolitical competition beneath the waves has now become one of the most sensitive arenas of confrontation between the two major powers, where data is the tool of power.

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Challenges of QUAD Security Alliance and How Iran Can Play a Role

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: Although some observers view the QUAD Security Dialogue as a fledgling military alliance focused solely on China’s growing regional influence and the rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region, its four members, the United States, India, Australia, and Japan, have stated their goal to deepen economic, diplomatic, and military ties among the four countries.

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Geopolitical Role of Water in Creation & Expansion of Tensions in the Middle East

Strategic Council Online –Guest Post: Among the key elements that control and manage political – social behavioral patterns of nation states concerning establishment of order and provision of security is the advantage of access to fresh water. More than putting emphasis on the comfort and welfare of citizens, role of water in the Middle East leaves effect on the unity and integration of political entities.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

China’s Goals behind Modernization of Naval Forces

Strategic Council Online – Guest opinion: The Chinese military plans to become the world’s first naval power by 2050. This is in line with the strategy announced in 2015 that China intends to become a modern socialist country by 2049.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

China-Finland Relations in Line with Building Arctic Silk Road

Strategic Council Online – Guest Opinion: It is predicted that by 2030 the Arctic will be without significant ice during the summer. This major environmental challenge could prepare trade routes for international transit, an opportunity that China is pursuing by developing offshore projects in line with Building the Arctic Silk Road.
Maryam Varij Kazemi – Researcher on geopolitical issues

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

China’s Maritime Geopolitical Strategy

Strategic Council Online –Guest post: In order to escape from geopolitical contraction caused by geographic determinism, China needs to use geopolitical strategy programs at ground, sea and even space.
Maryam Verij Kazemi, Researcher, Geopolitical Issues

ÚLTIMAS PUBLICACIONES

An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact

SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”

Dimensions and challenges of the initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway

Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.

Balancing in the chain of chokepoints; from sea-based deterrence to pluralistic diplomacy

Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.

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