An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: Iran cannot remain indifferent to the future of Afghanistan, its neighbor, and at the same time, a just and lasting peace cannot be achieved without Iranian cooperation. Iran’s strategy vis-à-vis Afghanistan appears to be continued negotiations with the Afghan government and the Taliban, taking into account the views of other influential groups.
Mohsen Pakaeen – Former Director of Afghanistan Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Strategic Council Online: Former Director of Afghanistan Affairs Department at IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the US President’s unannounced visit to Afghanistan and presence at Bagram military base was an unusual act contrary to the independence of an independent state. He added: Although the US claims that talks to reach a peace deal are on track, but they are unlikely to have a tangible outcome in the current situation, and after Trump’s trip to Afghanistan, Taliban officials have said they are not ready for peace talks unless an agreement is signed.
Strategic Council Online: Former Head of the Department in Charge of Afghan Affairs at the IRI Ministry of Foreign Affairs is not optimistic the US-Taliban talks would lead to a breakthrough. “Due to the developments in Afghanistan, the elections scheduled for October may be delayed.” But, he says, it seems the Afghan government will be able to hold the election by the end of the current Christian year.
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.