An Analysis of the Makkah Defense Pact
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.
Strategic Council Online: European convergence has declined in recent years due to the Brexit or coming to power of right-wing parties, and today the outbreak of corona and its economic implications could deepen these crises and differences.
Alireza Thamoudi – European Affairs Expert
Strategic Council Online — An expert on European affairs said the current situation and the coronavirus crisis are by far more dangerous than any previous crisis for the crisis-hit European Union, adding “yet the idea that the EU might collapse as a result of these crises is naïve and fanatical.”
Strategic Council Online: A faculty member of University of Tehran, referring to the psychological warfare that is currently being waged in foreign media, especially the affiliated and dissident Persian-language media against the Iranian people, said: “This pressure is very serious.” However, we are in the midst of a situation where economic sanctions on the one hand and the conditions of dealing with Corona, on the other hand, are putting pressure on us at the same time.
Strategic Council Online: A university professor said the Corona crisis will affect the state of the global economy and slow its growth. He noted however, one must not worry much about the world entering a new crisis because in most of the major countries involved in the Corona crisis the skills of governance are high enough not to let the global economy fall into a crisis similar to the 1990s and 2008-2009, namely the collapse of the dominoes of major economic sectors.
Strategic Council Online: The world has been in the throes of Corona Disease (COVID-19) since late 2019: A malicious virus, which can have many lessons for the vulnerable world. Within a short time, it crosses global boundaries and enters other spaces affected by economic entanglement and spatial functions.
Ebrahim Romina, Assistant Professor of Political Geography and Geopolitics, Tarbiat Modares University
Strategic Council Online: Former Iranian ambassador to Libya criticizing the UN role and performance in Libya crisis said the outbreak of a regional war in Libya is unlikely but current violence and political confrontations will continue.
Strategic Council Online: In Libya, extensive military and material support is extended to General Khalifa Haftar. In regional level too, countries like Jordan, Sudan, UAE and Egypt extend logistical, financial and military support to Haftar. Therefore, the probability of his victory and the defeat of Faiz al-Seraj is one of the leading scenarios.
Strategic Council Online: Both the record and the party inclinations of new EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell suggest that he will likely follow Federica Mogherini’s approach on Iran and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
SCFR Online – Opinion: On Friday, August 7, the heads of state of three countries – Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan – signed a text under the title “Makkah Joint Defense Agreement.”
Strategic Council Online – Note: The initiative to revive the Hejaz Railway, beyond being a transportation project, constitutes an attempt to redefine geopolitics, the economy, and Turkey’s regional position; however, its realization appears to face significant financial, security, and institutional challenges.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Strait of Hormuz crisis is no longer merely the consequence of a military confrontation, but rather a sign of the transition from the US-centered maritime order to a new energy security structure involving the participation of emerging and influential powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Iran’s active deterrence strategy, while increasing the costs of US intervention, has increasingly exposed the hidden rifts between Washington’s interests and those of the Israeli regime.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The escalation of verbal and strategic tensions between Turkey and the Israeli regime, although not increasing the likelihood of direct war, indicates the formation of a new order in West Asian geopolitical rivalries.
Strategic Council Online – Note: Recent developments in the political geography of West Asia, from rising tensions in the Persian Gulf to missile and drone activities in the Red Sea and the recent warning by Kaja Kallas, the European Union’s foreign policy chief, regarding the threat to freedom of navigation, indicate a key pattern shift; the US-Iran war has moved beyond the scope of a regional and local confrontation and has linked two vital passageways for the global economy: the Strait of Hormuz and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait.
SCFR Online – Opinion: The Ukraine war was not merely a European crisis, but rather the starting point for the rearrangement of the global balance of power and a shift in the strategic behavior of great powers.
SCFR Online – Opinion: Great power competition is now pursued more in trade, currency, technology, and global supply chains than on the battlefields of military confrontation.